Derotation and translation correction of spinal deformity: Evolution of principles and concepts

2011

SUMMARY

Early papers describing deformity correction using distraction, translation, derotation, and osteotomy were analyzed as to methods of correction, force applications, key principles, role of translation and derotation as outlined by authors. Translational and derotational forces to correct deformity were not always recognized, and were achieved by direct and indirect methods using a variety of techniques.

INTRODUCTION

Correction of spinal deformity has been achieved using translational and derotational forces. The literature of deformity correction is reviewed to identify key principles, types and application of reduction forces, and mechanisms of reduction.

METHODS

Early papers describing distraction, translation, derotation, and osteotomy to correct deformity were compared as to methods of correction, force applications, key principles, role of translation and derotation.

RESULTS

All techniques employed translational correction in some form. Methods, forces, application of forces, and key principles differed greatly. Parts of the universal steps for translational correction (1-free the spine to move, 2-bend the rod to ideal spinal contour, 3-pull the spine to the rod) were present in earliest papers.

CONCLUSIONS

Translational and derotational forces to correct deformity were not always recognized, and were achieved by direct and indirect methods using a variety of techniques.

Significance Full understanding of deformity correction includes translation as well as derotation.